Substance-related disorders are not limited to "street drugs." These disorders result from alcohol abuse or dependence, addiction or incorrect use of prescription medications, caffeine, sleep medications, nicotine, inhalants, and illegal drugs.



Signs of addiction vary from one substance to the next, although some general signs may apply to a variety of addictions. These can include withdrawal from others, irritability or other, more severe signs during withdrawal, engaging in dangerous behaviors to obtain the substance, lying about and hiding the problem, and refusal to admit to a problem.

The severity of substance-related disorders can vary from one substance to another. The substance itself can cause a disorder, such as hallucinations, and use and dependence on a substance can cause a disorder such as dependence and abuse. Treatments for substance-related disorders vary. Often treatment involves some type of psychotherapy, such a behavioral or talk therapy. Sometimes medications are used, and sometimes a combination of psychotherapy and medications is best.

Treatment options can vary from individual counseling to in-patient treatment centers. The severity and length of the problem will determine the type of treatment. Often people who need treatment do not seek it on their own. Problems with the law or interventions from friends and family may be the only way to get some people into treatment. Substance-related disorders can be very powerful, and some people may require multiple treatments.

Abstinence from the substance is usually required in addition to treatment. Withdrawal from the substance is often difficult and sometimes painful; however, it is a necessary component in order for treatment to be effective, as a person suffering from substance-related disorders needs to be in a clear mental and physical state in order to benefit from the treatment.