Attention Deficit Disorder syndrome (ADD) is the dysfunction of the ‘limbic system’ of the brain. This controls the executive functions like emotions, motivation and thoughts of a human being. The term ADD has interchangeably been used with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) but some clinicians prefer to differentiate between the two; an ADD diagnosed individual does not exhibit hyperactive behavior, that is typical of AD/HD.
Symptoms
Individuals diagnosed with this disorder are usually inattentive, forgetful, disorganized and easily distracted.
They are not able to control their behavior. This causes serious problems with learning and inappropriate social behavior, affecting schoolwork and social and family relationships. Other symptoms include inability to focus, difficulty in following instructions and impulsivity.
Approximately, ADD affects 3-5% of children and 3-6% of adults. Males are 4 to 6 times more likely than females to be affected by this disorder. Sometimes, ADD manifests in late adolescence or adulthood, but usually the onset of this disorder is before the age of four.
Diagnosis
Some children exhibit ADD-like symptoms and are not necessarily suffering from this disorder. Therefore, a proper and exhaustive evaluation is very important for early detection and treatment.
Evaluation includes study of the child’s
o Behavioral and neurological conditions.
o Family medical history.
o Medical conditions – though this has not been proven to be affecting factors, these tests are taken into consideration. These include testing for high levels of lead in the blood, screening for thyroid problems, CAT scans or MRI tests and brain wave tests.
Parents, caregivers and teachers play an important role in the process of evaluation. Observation of the child’s activity and behavior serve as key inputs.
What causes it and who is at risk?
ADD is a genetic defect that alters the brain biochemistry. It is also a hereditary disorder. It is important to note, that bad parenting or a disturbed home environment does not cause ADD, though researchers add, that prenatal conditions like maternal alcohol, drug abuse or birth complications may be contributing factors.
Treatment
The treatment plan is tailored for every individual. In addition to medication, proper counseling, behavioral therapy and counseling help the patient lead a near normal life.
